分類: 方法

沒想到給 Fedora 35 安裝 VirtualBox 會遇到這麼一個坑，所以記錄下。如果你的電腦沒有啓用 EFI Secure Boot 應該不會遇到這個問題。報錯信息如下：

vboxdrv.sh: failed: modprobe vboxdrv failed. Please use 'dmesg' to find out why.

There were problems setting up VirtualBox.  To re-start the set-up process, run
  /sbin/vboxconfig
as root.  If your system is using EFI Secure Boot you may need to sign the
kernel modules (vboxdrv, vboxnetflt, vboxnetadp, vboxpci) before you can load
them. Please see your Linux system's documentation for more information.

如果你不想關閉安全啓動，那麼可以按如下步驟來解決：

1, 安裝 mokutil

sudo dnf update
sudo dnf install mokutil

2, 在新文件夾裏創建 RSA 密鑰

sudo -i
mkdir /root/signed-modules
cd /root/signed-modules
openssl req -new -x509 -newkey rsa:2048 -keyout MOK.priv -outform DER -out MOK.der -nodes -days 36500 -subj "/CN=VirtualBox/"
chmod 600 MOK.priv

3, 準備導入密鑰的密碼，等下重啓電腦後會詢問你設置的密碼。

sudo mokutil --import MOK.der

4, 重啓電腦，電腦會進入一個藍屏，選擇 Enroll MOK --> Continue --> 輸入你剛剛設置的密碼，然後你的電腦會重啓。

5, 進入剛剛的文件夾新建一個腳本。

cd /root/signed-modules
nano sign-virtual-box

腳本內容如下：

#!/bin/bash

for modfile in $(dirname $(modinfo -n vboxdrv))/*.ko; do
  echo "Signing $modfile"
  /usr/src/kernels/$(uname -r)/scripts/sign-file sha256 \
                                /root/signed-modules/MOK.priv \
                                /root/signed-modules/MOK.der "$modfile"
done

如果腳本執行失敗了，可以嘗試運行下面命令，然後根據結果修改上面腳本。

find /usr/src -name signfile

5, 爲腳本增加執行權限並運行。

chmod 700 sign-virtual-box
./sign-virtual-box 

6, 把簽名後的驅動加入內核中就可以了。

modprobe vboxdrv

Ubuntu 用戶可以參考這篇 https://stegard.net/2016/10/virtualbox-secure-boot-ubuntu-fail/。以上解決辦法由 Younes LAB 作答與 Sign virtual box modules (vboxdrv, vboxnetflt, vboxnetadp, vboxpci) Centos 8 - Stack Overflow。

---

從 VirtualBox RPM 源安裝 VirtualBox

由於之前沒有搜到上面的辦法，還以爲是安裝的問題，嘗試了從 VirtualBox RPM 源安裝 VirtualBox，其實是不能解決問題的，但是這裏也記錄一下。

1, 安裝依賴。

sudo dnf -y install @development-tools
sudo dnf -y install kernel-headers kernel-devel dkms elfutils-libelf-devel qt5-qtx11extras

2, 添加VirtualBox RPM 源。

Fedora 36 / Fedora 35:

cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/yum.repos.d/virtualbox.repo 
[virtualbox]
name=Fedora $releasever - $basearch - VirtualBox
baseurl=http://download.virtualbox.org/virtualbox/rpm/fedora/35/\$basearch
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
repo_gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://www.virtualbox.org/download/oracle_vbox.asc
EOF

Fedora 34:

cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/yum.repos.d/virtualbox.repo 
[virtualbox]
name=Fedora $releasever - $basearch - VirtualBox
baseurl=http://download.virtualbox.org/virtualbox/rpm/fedora/34/\$basearch
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
repo_gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://www.virtualbox.org/download/oracle_vbox.asc
EOF

Fedora 33:

cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/yum.repos.d/virtualbox.repo 
[virtualbox]
name=Fedora $releasever - $basearch - VirtualBox
baseurl=http://download.virtualbox.org/virtualbox/rpm/fedora/33/\$basearch
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
repo_gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://www.virtualbox.org/download/oracle_vbox.asc
EOF

3, 導入 VirtualBox GPG 密鑰，確認指紋匹配後按 y。

sudo dnf search virtualbox
Fedora  -  - VirtualBox                                 58  B/s | 181  B     00:03
Fedora  -  - VirtualBox                                906  B/s | 1.7 kB     00:01
Importing GPG key 0x98AB5139:
 Userid     : "Oracle Corporation (VirtualBox archive signing key) <[email protected]>"
 Fingerprint: 7B0F AB3A 13B9 0743 5925 D9C9 5442 2A4B 98AB 5139
 From       : https://www.virtualbox.org/download/oracle_vbox.asc
Is this ok [y/N]: y

4, 安裝 VirtualBox。

sudo dnf install VirtualBox-6.1

5, 把當前用戶添加到 vboxusers 用戶組。

sudo usermod -a -G vboxusers $USER
newgrp vboxusers

然後就可以通過命令 virtualbox 或應用菜單 》System 》Oracle VM VirtualBox來啓動了。但是這個時候還沒有裝 Extension Pack，表現爲虛擬機只支持 USB 1.1，屏幕無法縮放。好在擴展包直接從官網下載就可以，然後直接雙擊就能順利運行安裝。

此安裝教程來自 How To Install VirtualBox 6 on Fedora 36/35/34/33/32 - ComputingForGeeks。

The Inspiron 1525 is Emanon's first (and only) laptop, which brought almost 13 years ago. When it got laggy and hard to run Adobe software, we brought an Acer desktop. Several years later, we got some video tasks to do, so we gave the Acer desktop to Emanon's sister, who didn't have a desktop. From that on, we started using a Dell desktop in daily life. But we only got one PC, we had to take turns recently. I found the old desktop after a room tidy up and thought maybe it can still run for easy tasks in daily life.

My Inspiron 1525 has a 2 GB Memory, a 2-core CPU, a 120 GB hard disk and a 15.4" screen(which is much bigger than my phone). Fortunately, it meets the minimum hardware of Fedora 35. I use Xfce desktop environment for many years, it's fast and has almost everything I need. So I download Fedora 35 Xfce Desktop and burn it into my old 2 GB flash disk with the official tool Fedora Media Writer.

sudo dnf install mediawriter
mediawriter

Then insert the flash disk into 1525, press power button. When you see the progress bar go to the end, keep hitting F12 then select USB Storage Device. You'll boot into Fedora 35 Xfce in a moment. If you haven't back up your files, you could do it now. If you don't have a wired Internet connection, you should download and copy the two files below for fixing the Wi-Fi later. Run the Install to Hard Drive in the desktop to install Fedora OS. For more details, please refer to Installing Using Anaconda. After that, reboot your laptop and remove the flash disk.

You'll see the Wi-Fi is failed, even after you updated all the software. The good news is there are ways to fix. Download broadcom-wl-6.30.163.46 (backup link), extract it. Run the following commands to get the working driver and copy them to your system.

#sudo yum install b43-fwcutter
sudo b43-fwcutter -w /lib/firmware broadcom-wl-6.30.163.46/broadcom-wl-6.30.163.46.wl_apsta.o
sudo sync
sudo /sbin/modprobe -r b43
sudo /sbin/modprobe b43

Now you can browse the web or do some text work on it. If you want some multimedia pleasure, you might need VLC. And before you install VLC, you need to enable RPM Fusion first.

sudo dnf install https://download1.rpmfusion.org/free/fedora/rpmfusion-free-release-$(rpm -E %fedora).noarch.rpm

本文更新於 2022/03/21。