python selenium 常用命令記錄

記錄一些常用命令(待更新)。

from selenium import webdriver
#等待
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.common.exceptions import TimeoutException
#鍵盤
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
#select元素
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import Select

##配置並開啟火狐
firefox_profile = webdriver.FirefoxProfile()
#語言設置為zh-CN，en-US
firefox_profile.set_preference('intl.accept_languages','zh-CN')
#UA設置為iphone6 plus
firefox_profile.set_preference("general.useragent.override", "Mozilla/5.0 (iPhone; CPU iPhone OS 9_1 like Mac OS X) AppleWebKit/601.1.46 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/9.0 Mobile/13B143 Safari/601.1")
#2關閉瀏覽器圖片
firefox_profile.set_preference('permissions.default.image', 2)
driver = webdriver.Firefox(firefox_profile=firefox_profile)  
#窗口大小
driver.set_window_size(414,736) 
#窗口最大化，可解決一些元素因窗口太小為顯示而無法點擊的情況
driver.maximize_window()
#頁面超時
driver.set_page_load_timeout(50)

##給火狐設置 http 或 socks 代理
firefox_profile = webdriver.FirefoxProfile()
proxy_ip = "127.0.0.1"
proxy_port = 18409
firefox_profile.set_preference("network.proxy.type", 1)
#http代理需要設置下面四行
firefox_profile.set_preference("network.proxy.http", str(proxy_ip))
firefox_profile.set_preference("network.proxy.http_port", int(proxy_port))
firefox_profile.set_preference("network.proxy.ssl", str(proxy_ip))
firefox_profile.set_preference("network.proxy.ssl_port", int(proxy_port))
#socks 代理只需設置下面兩行
firefox_profile.set_preference("network.proxy.socks", str(proxy_ip))
firefox_profile.set_preference("network.proxy.socks_port", int(proxy_port))
#可選
firefox_profile.set_preference("network.http.use-cache", False)
#可選
firefox_profile.update_preferences()
driver = webdriver.Firefox(firefox_profile=firefox_profile)
#在無界面模式下運行 headless
from selenium.webdriver.firefox.options import Options as FirefoxOptions
options = FirefoxOptions()
options.add_argument("--headless")
driver = webdriver.Firefox(firefox_profile=firefox_profile,options=options)

##driver的完整初始化參數
webdriver.Firefox(firefox_profile=None, firefox_binary=None,
capabilities=None, proxy=None,
executable_path=DEFAULT_EXECUTABLE_PATH, options=None,
service_log_path=DEFAULT_SERVICE_LOG_PATH,
service_args=None, service=None, desired_capabilities=None,
log_path=DEFAULT_LOG_PATH, keep_alive=True)
#https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/selenium/blob/trunk/py/selenium/webdriver/firefox/webdriver.py#L44

##頁面操作
#打開頁面
try:
    driver.get("https://reportaproblem.apple.com")
except:
    try:
        #長時間沒加載完頁面時，可能是卡在了某個資源，按下Esc停止等待
        driver.find_element_by_xpath('//body').send_keys(Keys.ESCAPE)
    except:
        return 'fail'

#有時鏈接會打開新窗口，切換到新窗口
driver.switch_to_window(driver.window_handles[-1])
#當前頁面鏈接
driver.current_url
#當前頁面標題
driver.title

#等待元素出現
try:
    WebDriverWait(driver, 60).until(lambda the_driver: the_driver.find_element_by_xpath("//iframe[@id='aid-auth-widget-iFrame']").is_displayed())
except:
    pass
##定位元素
#frame
driver.find_element_by_xpath("//iframe[@id='aid-auth-widget-iFrame']")
#ID
driver.find_element_by_id("appleId")
#根據屬性定位元素
captchaInput = driver.find_element_by_xpath("//input[@placeholder='键入图中的字符']")
#獲取輸入框中的值
inputValue = captchaInput.get_attribute('value')
#向輸入框中寫入字符
captchaInput.send_keys("你好")
#清空輸入框
captchaInput.clear()
#按下Tab鍵
driver.find_element_by_xpath('//body').send_keys(Keys.TAB)

capDivImg=driver.find_element_by_xpath("//div[@class='form-cell']//img")
#獲取圖片的鏈接
imgSrc=capDivImg.get_attribute('src')

#點擊包含“繼續”的按鈕
driver.find_element_by_xpath("//button[contains(text(),'继续')]").click()
#根據CSS定位button
driver.find_element_by_xpath("//button[@class='button button-primary last nav-action']")

#點擊值為“步行”的選項
driver.find_element_by_xpath("//option[text()='步行']").click()

#定位一組元素
labels = driver.find_elements_by_css_selector("label.labelClass")
answerInputs = driver.find_elements_by_xpath("//input[@placeholder='答案']")
questions = []
for label in labels:
    questions.append( label.get_attribute('innerHTML') )

#等待包含特定字符的元素
WebDriverWait(driver, 3).until(lambda the_driver: the_driver
           .find_element_by_xpath("//p[@class='subtitle content-item tk-label'][contains(text(),'已超时')]")
           .is_displayed())

#獲取select元素
typeS = Select(driver.find_element_by_id("searchDropdownBox"))
#根據值來選中select元素
typeS.select_by_visible_text('行山')
#獲取元素顯示的文字
driver.find_element_by_xpath("//tr[@class='updateblock']//td[@class='timer']").get_attribute("innerText")
driver.find_element_by_xpath("//tr[@class='updateblock']//td[@class='timer']").get_attribute("innerHTML")

命令行啟動瀏覽器

firefox -width 1440 -height 960
google-chrome --window-size="1440,960"

本文更新於 2024/09/01。