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計算得出的中國城市飲用水中全氟辛烷磺酸（PFASs）的平均濃度（ng/L）

調查城市PFOAPFOS平均值18年人口 (万)所在省份
Anshan0.40.91.3341.8Liaoning
Atushi0.050.050.128.55Xinjiang
Baoding0.560.061.28935.93Hebei
Beijing3.290.9997.1922154.2Beijing
Benxi0.61.72.3146.1496Liaoning
Binzhou6.722.2534.7392.25Shandong
Changchun0.6420.3525.876751.3Jilin
Changsha0.9360.40616.616815.47Hunan
Changshu19.3272.852122.4106.8Jiangsu
Changzhou9.0552.65428.1472.3Jiangsu
Chaohu10.563.3359.8979.62Anhui
Chengdu0.7630.323119.4231633Sichuan
Chongqing2.5390.2193.2633101.79Chongqing
Dalian0.2760.6392.463595.2Liaoning
Dezhou1.4190.554.7581Shandong
Dongguan2.90424.22739.554839.22Guangdong
Dongying6.8682.18524.365217.21Shandong
Foshan45.55.0253.1790.57Guangdong
Fuzhou0.5330.4623.993774Fujian
Guangzhou5.4414.68120.2151490.44Guangdong
Guiyang0.5780.25817.135488.19Guizhou
Haining27.4122.4549.38685.85Zhejiang
Hangzhou49.9610.8874.145980.6Zhejiang
Harbin0.5580.1578.958951.5Heilongjiang
Hefei1.8530.29320.647808.7Anhui
Heihe0.020.010.54159.3Heilongjiang
Hohhot0.40.1913.663312.6Inner Mongolia
Hong Kong1.045.8688.068745.1Hong Kong
Huaian4.7380.43812.5492.5Jiangsu
Jinan9.6483.84730.564746.04Shandong
Jining1.0350.0452.9834.59Shandong
Jiujiang156.52.17175489.68Jiangxi
Kunming6.7381.11360.39685Yunnan
Lanzhou0.850.212.18374.16Gansu
Lhasa0.750.4514.8555.44Tibet
Lianyungang61.42186.17332.63452Jiangsu
Macao1.36.27.563.16Macao
Mudanjiang0.8201.97252.5Heilongjiang
Nanchang6.8080.9718.593554.55Jiangxi
Nanjing8.781.08327.824843.62Jiangsu
Nanning0.10.25364.093725.41Guangxi
Shanghai12.4512.34526.9132423.78Shanghai
Shenyang1.6410.8965.989831.6Liaoning
Shenzhen8.5489.95423.9021302.66Guangdong
Shijiazhuang17.6019.92145.7661095.16Hebei
Suzhou34.6462.09561.3131072.17Jiangsu
Taian1.3570.3927.2564Shandong
Taipei3.75.49.1262.6Taiwan
Taiyuan0.740.4930.697442.15Shanxi
Tianjin2.2321.0187.6041559.6Tianjin
Urumqi0.40.1959.64350.58Xinjiang
Wuhan1.8970.21213.7711108.1Hubei
Wuxi27.6986.85493.622657.45Zhejiang
Xiamen2.60.763.36411Fujian
Xi'an0.3820.4969.5621000.37Shaanxi
Xining0.4450.21511.39237.11Qinghai
Xuzhou6.8330.87512.5880.2Jiangsu
Yangzhou7.6510.97112.5453.1Jiangsu
Yinchuan0.040.46828.036225.06Ningxia
Zhengzhou0.5160.18315.4761013.6Henan
Zhenjiang4.6741.6816319.64Jiangsu
Zhongshan0.60.61.2331Guangdong
Zhuhai0.7651.312.075189.11Guangdong
Zhuzhou2.110.335.54402.08Hunan
Zibo15.892.1141.01470.2Shandong
Zigong467.9551.606502.926292Sichuan

不同國家和美國各州發布的飲用水中 PFAS 準則

DateAuthorityAgency指導值（ng/L）Guideline TypeReference
2006GermanyGerman Ministry of HealthPFOA+PFOS: 300Health-based guide valuehttps://www.umweltbundesamt.de/sites/default/files/medien/pdfs/pft-in-drinking-water.pdf
2006GermanyGerman Ministry of HealthPFOA+PFOS: 100Health-based precautionary valuehttps://www.umweltbundesamt.de/sites/default/files/medien/pdfs/pft-in-drinking-water.pdf
2014ItalyNational Institute of HealthPFOA: 500; PFOS: 30Health-based levelhttp://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0018/340704/FINAL_pfas-report-20170530-h1200.pdf
2015DenmarkDanish Environmental Protection AgencyPFOS: 100; PFOA: 100Quality Criteriahttp://mst.dk/service/publikationer/publikationsarkiv/2015/apr/perfluoroalkylated-substances-pfoa-pfos-and-pfosa/
2016AustraliaDepartment of HealthPFOA: 560; PFOS+PFHxS: 70Health-based guidancehttp://www.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/content/ohp-pfas-hbgv.htm
2016USAUSEPAPFOS+PFOA: 70Lifetime Health Advisoryhttps://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2016-05/documents/pfos_health_advisory_final_508.pdf
2016ConnecticutDepartment of Public HealthPFOA+PFOS+PFHxS+PFNA+PFHpA: 70Action Levelhttp://portal.ct.gov/DPH/Search-Results?SearchKeyword=PFAS
2018European UnionEuropean CommissionIndividual PFASs: 100Proposed Drinking Water Directiveec.europa.eu/environment/water/water-drink/review_en.html
2018European UnionEuropean CommissionSum of PFASs: 500Proposed Drinking Water Directiveec.europa.eu/environment/water/water-drink/review_en.html
2018CanadaHealth CanadaPFOA: 200; PFOS: 600Drinking Water Screening Valuehttps://www.canada.ca/en/services/health/publications/healthy-living/water-talk-drinking-water-screening-values-perfluoroalkylated-substances.html
2019MinnesotaDepartment of HealthPFOA: 35; PFOS: 15; PFHxS: 47; PFBA: 7000; PFBS: 2000Health Based Guidance for Waterhttps://www.health.state.mn.us/communities/environment/hazardous/topics/pfcs.html#safelevels
2019California Water Resources Control BoardPFOA: 5.1; PFOS: 6.5Notification Levelshttps://www.ecos.org/news-and-updates/california-lowers-pfas-notification-levels-initiates-regulatory-process/
2019VermontDepartment of Environmental ConservationPFOA+PFOS+PFHxS+PFHpA+PFNA: 20Maximum Contaminant Levelshttps://dec.vermont.gov/water/drinking-water/water-quality-monitoring/pfas
2020MichiganDepartment of Environment, Great Lakes, and EnergyPFOA: 8; PFNA: 6; PFHxA: 400000; PFOS: 16; PFHxS: 51; PFBS: 420; HFPO-DA: 370Maximum Contaminant Levelshttps://www.michigan.gov/egle/0,9429,7-135--534660--,00.html
2020New YorkDepartment of HealthPFOA: 10; PFOS: 10Maximum Contaminant Levelshttps://www.wamc.org/post/nys-adopts-drinking-water-standards-three-emerging-contaminants
2020New HampshireDepartment of Environmental Services PFOA: 12; PFOS: 15; PFHxS: 18; PFNA: 11 Maximum Contaminant Levelshttps://www4.des.state.nh.us/nh-pfas-investigation/?p=1185
2020New JerseyDepartment of Environmental ProtectionPFOA: 13; PFOS: 14Maximum Contaminant Levelshttps://www.penn-er.com/2020/06/08/new-jersey-establishes-mcls-ground-water-and-remediation-standards-for-pfoa-pfos/
2020MassachusettsDepartment of Environmental ProtectionPFOA+PFOS+PFHxS+PFNA+PFHpA+PFDA: 20Maximum Contaminant Levelshttps://www.mass.gov/lists/development-of-a-pfas-drinking-water-standard-mcl
2020SwedenSwedish Food AgencyPFOA+PFOS+PFHxS+PFNA+PFHpA+PFDA+PFBS+6:2FTS+PFBA+PFPeA+PFHxA: 90Action Levelhttps://www.livsmedelsverket.se/en/food-and-content/oonskade-amnen/miljogifter/pfas-in-drinking-water-fish-risk-management

數據來源及完整論文請參閱：Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in Chinese drinking water: risk assessment and geographical distribution。Liu, L., Qu, Y., Huang, J. et al. Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in Chinese drinking water: risk assessment and geographical distribution. Environ Sci Eur 33, 6 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12302-020-00425-3

如何在 WordPress 中展示上面的數據圖表

這裏使用了開源的js插件 DataTables 來展示上面的圖表。安裝方法可以參考官方安裝文檔，非常簡單。考慮到文件裏推薦的 CDN 方法在中國可能水土不服，所以我使用本地的安裝方法。在下載頁面勾選需要的組件（我只選了必須的 css 和 js，由於 WordPress 已自帶 jquery，所以不用選jquery）然後下載到一個 zip 包。我是將其上傳到 WordPress 的 wp-content/uploads/share/js 目錄中，然後解壓並修改文件所有者爲nginx( chown nginx:nginx -R DataTables )，就可以使用了。文章裏用到的代碼如下：

<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/wp-content/uploads/share/js/datatables.min.css"/>
<script type="text/javascript" src="/wp-content/uploads/share/js/datatables.min.js"></script>

<table id="table_id" class="display">
    <thead>
        <tr>
            <th>Column 1</th>
            <th>Column 2</th>
        </tr>
    </thead>
    <tbody>
        <tr>
            <td>Row 1 Data 1</td>
            <td>Row 1 Data 2</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td>Row 2 Data 1</td>
            <td>Row 2 Data 2</td>
        </tr>
    </tbody>
</table>

<script>
jQuery(document).ready(function($) {
    $('#table_id').DataTable();
} );
</script>

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